Acksblog

Because priori-Mars and the Earth were mutually engaged in the one hundred encounters, the question arises ‘Is there evidence of one hundred equally thick layers on the surface of Mars?’, – since it was the outer shell of the former priori-Mars.  I am sure that astronauts will eventually discover many instances of such layers once we explore Mars, but based on simple Google searches of Mars images, amazing confirmation of my proposed cyclic catastrophism has already been found in NASA photographs of Mars.  For some reason these tend to be concentrated in the area of Arabia Terra.  The earliest photographs is shown below in Figure 1.   Rather than further explaining the image, I have included below the caption (bold) published with the image, which gives a good idea of its features and the great difficulty that the uniformitarian astrophysicists have in explaining them.

Many equally thick layers of dust, probably deposited during the one hundred encounters with the Earth, fill this Martian crater.

Figure 1.
“Colorized” subframe of Mars Orbiter Camera image M14-01647 of layered deposits inside an impact crater in Western Arabia Terra. Hundreds of layers can be seen exposed by erosion. The layers are partially covered by dark debris that has filled in topographic lows between the layers. All the layers appear similar in their thicknesses and textures, suggesting they formed by the same process. What formed them?  Perhaps deposition of sediments in water, or ash/dust settling out from the atmosphere. Illumination from the left. Figure courtesy of Malin Space Science Systems/NASA.

The deposits in four craters have been studied, but one image is particularly striking and has has been more painstakingly investigated.  The published article (bold below) explaining the results of studying the image, is exquisitely revealing.

“Ancient Climate Cycles Recorded In Mars Rocks

ScienceDaily (Dec. 5, 2008) – Researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and their colleagues have found evidence of ancient climate change on Mars caused by regular variation in the planet’s tilt, or obliquity. On Earth, similar “astronomical forcing” of climate drives ice-age cycles.

Using stereo topographic maps obtained by processing data from the high-resolution camera onboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Caltech scientists, led by graduate student Kevin Lewis and Oded Aharonson, associate professor of planetary science, along with John Grotzinger, the Fletcher Jones Professor of Geology, identified and measured layered rock outcrops within four craters in the planet’s Arabia Terra region. The layering in different outcrops occurs at scales ranging from a few meters to tens of meters, but at each location the layers all have similar thicknesses and exhibit similar features.

Based on a pattern of layers within layers measured at one location, known as Becquerel crater, the scientists propose that each layer was formed over a period of about 100,000 years and that these layers were produced by the same cyclical climate changes.

In addition, every 10 layers were bundled together into larger units, which were laid down over an approximately one-million-year period; in the Becquerel crater, the 10-layer pattern is repeated at least 10 times. This one-million-year cycle corresponds to a known pattern of change in Mars’s obliquity caused by the dynamics of the solar system.

“Due to the scale of the layers, small variations in Mars’s orbit are the best candidate for the implied climate changes. These are the very same changes that have been shown to set the pacing of ice ages on the Earth and can also lead to cyclic layering of sediments,” says Lewis, the first author of a paper about the work published in this week’s issue of Science.

The tilt of Earth on its axis varies between 22.1 and 24.5 degrees over a 41,000-year period. The tilt itself is responsible for seasonal variation in climate, because the portion of the Earth that is tipped toward the sun–and that receives more sunlight hours during a day–gradually changes throughout the year. During phases of lower obliquity, polar regions are less subject to seasonal variations, leading to periods of glaciation.

Mars’s tilt varies by tens of degrees over a 100,000-year cycle, producing even more dramatic variation. When the obliquity is low, the poles are the coldest places on the planet, while the sun is located near the equator all the time. This could cause volatiles in the atmosphere, like water and carbon dioxide, to migrate poleward, where they’d be locked up as ice.

When the obliquity is higher, the poles get relatively more sunlight, and those materials would migrate away. “That affects the volatiles budget. If you move carbon dioxide away from the poles, the atmospheric pressure would increase, which may cause a difference in the ability of winds to transport and deposit sand,” Aharonson says. This is one effect that could change the rate of deposition of layers such as those seen by the researchers in the four craters.

Another effect of the changing tilt would be a change in the stability of surface water, which alters the ability of sand grains to stick together and cement in order to form the rock layers.

“The whole climate system would be different,” Aharonson says.

However, such large changes in climate would influence a variety of geologic processes on the surface. While the researchers cannot tie the formation of the rhythmic bedding on Mars to any particular geologic process, “a strength of the paper is that we can draw conclusions without having to specify the precise depositional process,” Aharonson says.

“This study gives us a hint of how the ancient climate of Mars operated, and shows a much more predictable and regular environment than you would guess from other geologic features that indicate catastrophic floods, volcanic eruptions, and impact events,” Lewis adds. “More work will be required to understand the full extent of the information contained within these natural geologic archives,” he says.

“One of the fun things about this project for me is that we were able to use techniques on Mars that are the bread and butter of studies of stratigraphy on Earth,” says Aharonson. “We substituted a high-resolution camera in orbit around Mars and stereo processing for a geologist’s Brunton Compass and mapboard, and were able to derive the same quantitative information on the same scale. This enabled conclusions that have qualitative meaning similar to those we chase on Earth.”

California Institute of Technology (2008, December 5). Ancient Climate Cycles Recorded In Mars Rocks. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 10, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com- /releases /2008/12/081204141801.htm”
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It is excruciatingly painful to realize the difficulty these ‘budding’ scientists have in interpreting the features in the image.  Of course they have no idea that priori-Mars orbited the Earth one hundred times between 3700 and 700 BC, and that the layers each represent thirty years, not 100,000.  To propose that these deposits spanned a period of 10 million years is ludicrous.  They are obviously all equally fresh.  Moreover, the didactic science-speak, the lack of a more questioning attitude is difficult to accept.  This stuff is being ‘spoon-fed’ to the younger generation, corrupting their view of the world.

The most striking aspect is the determination that there are one hundred  equally thick layers. I have not yet figured out the significance of the groups of ten layers, but it is possibly a clue to some details of the events during the Vedic Period.  I maintain that each of these layers was emplaced during a fifteen-year encounter with the Earth during the Vedic Period (3700 to 700 BC) due to the continual eruption of every volcano on priori-Mars during these periods.  Thus they comprise tiny spheres of mafic rock with high iron content  which hardened as it was sprayed into the air from many lava fountains on the surface of priori-Mars.  Microscopically, they are the same as chondrules, from which the most common type of meteorites derive their name, chondrites.  In fact the entire surface of the ‘Red Planet’ is covered with these tiny spheres.

The statement that Mars tilt changes with a period of 100,000 years comes from calculations based on recent observations.  But conventional astyrophysicists have no idea that Mars has only been in its current orbit for 2700 years. At least Lewis notes the apparent contradiction between the evidence of catastrophism and the supposed regularity that produced the equally spaced deposits.  He is correct in that additional work is required, but the answer is to accept  cyclic catastrophism – too much of a stretch for academia.

Figure 1. Touchet beds near Lowden in the Walla Walla valley. Note distinct layers.

There is another well known geologic feature which exhibits approximately one hundred equally thick layers, corresponding to the captures and release of priori-Mars. It is a sedimentary deposit in the American Pacific Northwest associated with the Channeled Scablands discovered by geologist G. Harlan Bretz. In 1923 he surmised correctly that the scablands must have been catastrophically carved by enormous floods, caused by releases of vast amounts of water from glacial dams which formed an enormous Lake Missoula. During each flood, flow through the Wallula Gap was slow enough such that water pooled in a temporary lake, Lake Lewis. Lake Lewis backflooded up the Yakima, Walla Walla, Touchet and Tucannon River Valleys. In these relatively calm arms of the lake, the slack waters were thick with suspended materials eroded from the scablands.  Some of the suspended materials settled out, creating thick Touchet Formation layers or rhythmites (equally thick horizontal layers) which are found throughout these valleys (Figure 1). The layered formation records the actual number of flood events. As many as ‘eighty-nine’ have been counted. Counting the exact number of layers is not a favorite task for geologists since the more they find, the more difficult it becomes to explain them. Making their task even more difficult is the fact that each bed is separated by varved intervals (thin yearly depositions) indicating ‘fewer than forty’ years passed between the floods. Geologists cannot imagine a mechanism by which so many equally deep deposits could have formed in such a short time, in fact, some argue that there was only one big flood and that the many equal layers somehow resulted from the ’sloshing’ associated with that single event.  Of course this could never explain the equal thickness of each deposit or the ‘less than forty’ varves between layers.

The proposed cyclic catastrophism explains these formations quite well. The vast amount of water and the dams were part of the glaciation centered at the temporary north pole, Hudson Bay, which accumulated for fifteen years each time priori-Mars was captured in geosynchronous orbit. When this planet was released into its alternate orbit around the Sun, the region of glaciation suddenly reverted to its present latitude and the ice began to melt quite rapidly. Geologists date these events at approximately 16,000 years ago, but they actually formed between 3700 and 700 BC, contemporaneously with the Deccan Traps.  But in contrast to the Deccan Traps, the lava of which records their magnetic latitude during each encounter, the magnetic orientation of the Touchet beds is normal because they formed after each encounter, when the Earth’s mantle had returned to its normal orientation.  Unlike the Deccan Traps, each layer of which accumulated and hardened throughout each fifteen-year encounter, each Touchet bed layer formed very quickly at the end of each encounter. Thus the time between their deposition was thirty years, not fifteen. Fifteen of the varves (yearly deposits between major events) were laid down when the Earth’s mantle was in its normal orientation and fifteen more when closer to the (temporary) north pole. Thus geologists have found ‘less than forty’ varves between events.

In the cyclic cosmic catastrophism which I have gleaned from ancient myth and the Bible, the most ancient living planet, which I call priori-Mars (comprising Mars and Mercury) was repeatedly captured in a geosynchronous orbit over Tibet only 44,000 km (center-to-center) from the Earth for fifteen years at a time and was subsequently released into a planetary orbit for an equal period.  Amazingly, this cycle was repeated one hundred times.  The hundred-fold repetition of this cycle is the most objectionable aspect of my proposed catastrophism to friend and foe alike – not only because of its improbability (impossibility to most) but, worse yet, the implication that a higher power and intellect must have been involved.  Lets face it, if the SETI people received a signal reading 100, the entire world would be in an uproar within hours. But the one hundred repetitions was not just a signal.  It was a necessary aspect in the capture of the entire complement of water from priori-Mars.  Since the tidal force of the Earth could not capture the water on the far side of that planet during each encounter, it was released into a planetary orbit for fifteen years in order that its water be equally redistributed in preparation for the next encounter.

Because of the magnitude of its tidal influence as well as the periodicity, one would expect to find evidence of these encounters in the geological section.  Fortunately, there are indeed a number of such features, none of which modern geologists can explain, due to their dogmatic devotion to gradualism or uniformitarionism.

Deccan Traps

Figure 1 Eroded layers of basalt form the Deccan Traps

Near Tibet is found a most interesting feature.  It is one of the largest continental flow basalt (CFB) provinces in the world, known as the Deccan Traps . The term ‘traps’ comes from the Gothic name for stairs, to which the erosion of the formation has created a resemblance.  There exists more than one clue indicating that this feature was produced by the proposed prior-iMars encounters:

a. First, because of the proximity of the Deccan to Tibet, only some fifteen degrees south of the geostationary position of priori-Mars over Mt. Kailas. The upward tidal force of the planet reduced the pressure within the Earth, thereby melting subsurface rock which once liquidified was drawn toward the surface.  In fact an unexplained layer of liquid rock underlies the majority of Tibet to this day.

b. Second, geophysical well-logging of the Deccan has revealed the total depth, 2000 meters, to comprise  ~20-meter thick horizontal layers – a total of one-hundred!   Moreover, each of the layers is topped with a porous cooling layer comprising only a thin clay deposit  – just what would be expected from the deposition during the 15-year periods between each encounter.  This layering has been traced horizontally for as much as 100 km with no apparent displacement.  There is absolutely no other explanation for one hundred well delineated layers of equally thick basalt.

c. Third, the paleomagnetic data indicate that the entire flow, one hundred layers, took place in a very short (unmeasurably short) period of time, geologically speaking.

d. Fourth, the paleo-magnetic field direction, captured as each flow solidified, indicates that the Deccan Traps were formed at 30 degrees south latitude, whereas they are now located at 18 degrees north latitude.  This difference in latitude is currently interpreted as due to the drift of the Indian Plate within which the Deccan Traps are located, over the last 60 million years.

But there is a much more lucid explanation of this latitude discrepancy, revealed by the the cyclic encounter with priori-Mars.  Each time priori-Mars approached the Earth, it tidally ‘locked onto’ the raised, anomalous mass of the Tibetan-Himalayan complex.  This exerted a large torque on the mantle, which, because it is isolated from the solid core by several thousand kilometers of liquid outer core, is known to rotate independently.  In order for the planet to remain above Tibet, the spin axis of the mantle was forced to the location that allowed Tibet to remain on a temporary ‘equator.’  Interestingly, this meant that the spin axis or temporary ‘north pole’ moved to  Hudson Bay.  As a result, priori-Mars orbited the Earth in a geosynchronous orbit, remaining stationary in the heavens above Mt. Kailas for the next fifteen years.  The rotation of the solid core, which generates the magnetic field of the Earth remained it its normal orientation, magnetically opposed to the magnetic field of priori-Mars – i.e. with the magnetic fields of the two planets exerting a mutually repulsive force – probably a necessary element in the capture and stability of the encounters.  (All geophysicists believe the magnetic field of the Earth is generated by some sort of a dynamo effect in the liquid outer core, but it is actually generated by a superconducting current in the FeH solid core, pumped up by Faraday induction of incoming charged solar outbursts.)

The mantle axis-shift also explains why the late North-American glaciation, currently thought to have occurred during the last ‘ice age,’ was centered in the Hudson Bay region and why there were multiple advances and retreats, i.e. triggered by the one-hundred captures and releases  of priori-Mars.  The Wisconsin glacial period was not part of the putative ‘ice ages,’ which supposedly ended prior to the Younger Dryas, but actually occurred between 3700 and 700 BC concurrent with the emplacement of the Deccan Traps.

The glaciation, centered in Hudson Bay, supplies an important clue to the absolute orientation of the Earth-priori-Mars’ revolution about one another.  It tells us that during each 15-year encounter Hudson Bay was essentially 90 degrees from the solar irradiation.  Moreover, due to the tidal force of priori-Mars, the mantle did not experience its normal seasonal changes in orientation.  This explains the great extent of the North American glaciation centered at Hudson Bay.

Understanding of the physical orientation of the encounters provides an important clue to our understanding of the age of the Deccan Traps.  Assuming that the solid core, and therefore the magnetic field of the Earth, remained approximately normal to the Earth’s orbit throughout each encounter, then the fact that Hudson Bay remained perpendicular to the solar radiation implies that priori-Mars revolved at or near the magnetic equator.  Given that the Deccan Traps are some 17 degrees south of Mt. Kailas, the lava flows would have solidified in a position well south of the magnetic equator.

The fact that the Traps formed well south of the magnetic equator has led to the notion that the Indian plate has since drifted some 47 degrees of latitude, and that the Deccan Traps must therefore be of great age.  This thinking has obviously influenced the K-Ar dating of the Traps. But the proposed cyclic cosmic catastrophism scenario provides also provides a physical explanation of the dating errors. During the Vedic Period (3700 to 700 BC) the entire atmosphere of priori-Mars was being captured by the Earth along with all its water, thus the ratios of various isotopes was quite different than it is today.  This invalidates the K-Ar (actually Ar-Ar) dating results, which involve a large correction for the amount of non-radiogenic 40Ar that was absorbed into the rock before it cooled.  This is done by subtracting the non radiogenic 40Ar from the measured value the amount 40Ar originally present in the air as determined by the current 40Ar/36Ar ratio.  Presently, in air samples 40Ar is 295.5 times more plentiful than 36Ar. Using this value, the amount of measured 40Ar that resulted from 40K decay is calculated as 40Ar(decayed) = 40Ar(measured) – 295.5*36Ar(measured).  Thus any change in the ratio of 40Ar and 36Ar since the emplacement results in major errors in the age estimate.

Correction curve for radiocarbon dating shows continual change in the atmosphere during the Vedic Period

Although not currently recognized as such, the change in the atmosphere of the Earth during the encounters with priori-Mars is scientifically well documented.  In order to correct apparent problems in radio-carbon (14C) dating, a record of tree rings 7000 years long has been laboriously assembled, and from it scientists have created a correction curve which shows the true age versus the radio-carbon age, which prior to the correction assumed the atmospheric make-up was constant.  As can be seen in the Figure 2, the correction curve and therefore the atmosphere was changing continually, only during the Vedic Period. The long-lived radioisotope 14C is produced when neutrons from cosmic radiation are captured by nitrogen nuclei in the earth’s atmosphere.  The correction curve is therefore an indicator of the change of the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere.  Note the rapid change coincides with the Vedic Period.

The notion of one-hundred encounters originally came from the Vedas, (ninety-nine Indras), the Hindu myths (one hundred Brahmas), Greek myth (the Olympian gods reigned for 3,000 years) and the fifteen-year intervals between the biblical ‘raash.’  The details of the encounters have been eloquently supplied by a wide range of ancient writings, a large dose of imagination and most of all, revelations:

(1 Cor 2:6-7 NIV) We do, however, speak a message of wisdom among the mature, but not wisdom of this age or the rules of this age, who are coming to nought.  No, we speak of God’s secret wisdom that has been hidden and that God destined for our glory before time began.

It is sad, but true, that the majority of people believe that this life is all there is, either through complete ignorance of the Bible or because they accept the modern ‘sophisticated’ teachings of random evolution.  But in their hearts all men know God.  (Romans 1:19-20) “Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath showed it unto them.  For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:” That is , by the sheer magnitude and intricate beauty of the creation.

The primary message brought by Jesus Christ was that of the Kingdom of God.  The purpose for which mankind was created was the eventual population of His kingdom.  That is our birthright.  To die without seeking the Kingdom is to forfeit this great inheritance.
(Romans 8:16-18) “The [Holy] Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God: And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together.  For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us.”

This aspect of Christ’s teaching was suppressed in the early church in favor of the worshiping of Jesus as God, but there are clues in the Bible to the reality and purpose of the Kingdom.  Jesus Christ will return to the Earth to govern with true wisdom, which is beyond human capability.

Even the most righteous of religious leaders fail to understand the Kingdom of God.  Although they extol its great glory, most imagine it as the continuous singing of praises to God.  But there is a profound purpose for which the Kingdom of Heaven is to be populated.
(Romans 8: 19-23) “For the earnest expectation of the creature [man] waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God. For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope, Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God.  For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together until now. And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.”

Not only do men crave a more perfect existence, in a new, perfect body, free from all the human failings, but the “whole creation groaneth and travaileth until now.”  Herbert W. Armstrong explains this best in his book Wisdom of the Ages:

” … the whole thrust of the passage [Romans 8: 22] is that when we (the elect humans) are born of God – then having the power and glory of God – we are going to do as God did when this earth had been laid “waste and empty” – Hebrew, tohu and bohu (Gen. 1:2).  Christ, who renewed “the face of the earth,” was renewing what had been destroyed … the planets, except for this earth, are in a state of death, decay and futility – but not forever – waiting until converted humans are BORN the children of God; born into the very divine family of God, forming the kingdom of God.  Jesus’ gospel was the kingdom of God.  What I am showing you here is that Christ’s gospel of the kingdom actually included all this knowledge here revealed–even the whole universe is to be ruled by us, who, with God the Father and Christ, become the kingdom of God.

God is first of all Creator, but God is also Ruler.  And he is Educator, who reveals knowledge beyond and outside the scope of human mind of itself to comprehend! Put together all these scriptures … and you begin to grasp the incredible human potential.  Our potential is to be born into the God family, receiving total power! We are to be given jurisdiction over the entire universe!

What are we going to do then?  These scriptures indicate we shall impart life to billions and billions of dead planets, as life has been imparted to this earth. We shall create, as God directs and instructs. We shall rule through all eternity!”

When I first read this passage years ago, I was floored, because this was not written by a NASA official or scientist.  It came from a deeply spiritual modern-day prophet, with absolutely no interest in or knowledge of science or even science fiction – how could he dare to make such a statement, having no idea of how such monumental undertakings might be accomplished?  At that date, I had no idea of how a planet could be created or an aged one revitalized.  But as the details of the catastrophism were revealed in ancient myths and the Bible, the profound truth of this passage became clear.  This was “knowledge beyond and outside the scope of human mind of itself to comprehend.”

Although Mr. Armstrong had no knowledge of the destruction of the Earth by two close passes of proto-Venus which resulted in the laying to waste of the Earth, Genesis 1:2 “And the earth became without form (tohu), and void (bohu) … ” , he was correct!  Christ, who then renewed “the face of the earth” during the Bronze and Iron ages, was renewing what had been wiped clean 6,000 years ago (not by the flood of Noah).  The implication is that there are many planets in our galaxy or farther afield, that are in a state of death, decay and futility, just as the Earth was – but not forever.

The events revealed in my 3,000-year catastrophism scenario make it clear that the methods required to accomplish the creation of new planets and the renewal of those in decay, seemingly impossible tasks (to us), have already been perfected and demonstrated  in our own solar system.  The scenario reveals a virtual ‘toolbox’ for these tasks.  They include the capture of the Moon – a necessary adjunct to the actions of priori-Mars and proto-Venus, the creation of a new terrestrial planet (Venus), the wiping clean of an inferior species from a tired planet Earth facilitating the introduction of a new species (Homo Sapiens Sapiens), the 3000-year revitalization of the Earth by sacrificing the resources of a smaller, more ancient, living planet (priori-Mars) in order to accommodate the vast numbers of this new species (mankind), and the safe removal of the potentially dangerous planetary debris (Mercury and Mars) from the vicinity of the Earth once the desired resources were transferred.

It will be the primary purpose of the Kingdom of God to use these methods to accomplish the same ends in many other systems across the galaxy, perhaps the universe.  Although foreign to many people’s concept of God, these planetary manipulations were conducted utilizing the laws of God, attributed to Newton and Einstein.  The very idea of finite beings, even the Kingdom of God, having power at this scale is unimaginable to the human mind.  Some may be surprised at the notion of the plurality of God’s Kingdom and the implied physical aspect of its members, but the ‘elohiym created man ‘in their image.’  Many people believe that ‘spiritual beings’ have no physical aspect, but possess a ‘ghost-like’ nature that floats in space and exercise their will by ‘thought’ alone.   But Christ himself was a pure spirit being and the Bible is full of statements and promises by Christ and the prophets in which the elect will experience the resurrection of a perfect body.  What human being can really understand his own resurrection in something other than a more perfect  body, situated in a place any more beautiful than the Earth.  Many functions of our body, such as the senses and the immune system, are truly miraculous -  far beyond our ken.  If the built-in deterioration of our human bodies and immune systems and the limits placed on our minds could be ‘switched off,’ then we might truly be able to live ‘forever.’

Generally, Jesus Christ played down the great heritage that the elect would experience in heaven because he wanted us to seek heaven through the Law, the ten commandments, thereby demonstrating our love for Him.  However, there are tantalizing clues, such as:
(1 Cor 2:9)  “But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him.”

As the end time approaches, these compelling aspects of the Kingdom of Heaven are gradually being revealed.

The up-coming launch of the NASA Kepler satellite has prompted a rash of articles intended to explain the purpose of the mission.  Simply stated it is designed to detect planets around distant stars which appear to have the potential of supporting life.  This staring satellite uses a ninety-five megabyte image array to sense slight periodic reductions in the radiation from thousands of stars in the field of view, if and when a planet transits the light-path from any star to the satellite.   It does not form an image of the stars because the small mirror (55 cm diameter) does not have sufficient resolution.  The periodicity of the intensity reductions of each star provides information on the orbital period and this combined with the estimated mass of the star gives the approximate orbit of the planet. This method has been used to detect a few of the some 300 exo-planets discovered to date.  The more common method is based on the detection of minute shifts in a star’s spectra caused by its motion, which is induced by its planets.  This method is biased toward the discovery of giant planets, such as Jupiter or larger, since they influence the motion of the star more strongly.  As a result, the majority of exo-planets detected to date have been hot, giant planets orbiting relatively close to their star – attributes which are not only counter to the presence of life on the planet, but probably in the system as a whole.

In the Kepler mission, the primary criteria for a potential life-bearing planet will be whether the planet’s distance from the star would allow the presence of liquid water on its surface.  The range of orbital radii in which this would be possible is called the ‘habitable zone’ or, as stated in a recent popular article, “ in the not-too-cold, not-too-hot, Goldilocks zones around stars where liquid water can exist.”  Astrophysicists think they know this zone  – “ahh, but there’s the rub,” paraphrasing Hamlet.

The entire astrophysical ‘community’ believe that Venus was created at the inception of the solar system as a twin of the Earth.  Believe it or not, they imagine that it acquired vast oceans, similar to the Earth, but then, because it was too close to the Sun, a ‘greenhouse effect’ caused it to heat up to the point where all of its oceans evaporated to space, resulting in the Venus we observe today with a surface so hot that lead and zinc would melt on its rocks.  Because the surface pressure on Venus is ninety-one times that of the Earth, planetary scientists believe that the atmosphere comprises 30,000 times the amount of carbon dioxide as that of the Earth.  But the Pioneer Venus probe instruments could not  detect the very heavy molecule S8 (sulfur ring molecule) which completely dominates the lower 50 km of the atmosphere.  The sulfur is being shot from the boiling interior through 200,000 ’small domes’ around the planet.  Unfortunately, their lack of understanding that Venus is a new planet has led to a completely false history of Venus, which is a primary factor in the threatened global warming of the Earth.

But the ancient texts tell us of the time when there were two living planets in our own solar system. [Given this, why are we even looking outside our system to see if there is life on other planets?]  The other one, which I call priori-Mars, had been in a Venus-like orbit for 4.7 billion years, up until about 6000 years ago.  This planet was then ejected from its ancient orbit by the rampaging proto-Venus, just after its birth from an enormous impact on Jupiter.  This is why Venus is still so hot – not due to a greenhouse effect.  Therefore Venus, which now occupies the same orbit as the living priori-Mars, is well inside the habitable zone.

As has consistently been the case, NASA engineers will conduct another successful mission, delivering beautiful data, but the astrophysical community, stuck in their uniformitarian mindset, will interpret it incorrectly – worse yet, they will add even more faulty ideas to the text books, poisoning the intellects of yet another generation.

Astrophysicists generally believe that the Moon formed in orbit some four billion years ago when a planet-sized body crashed into the Earth and a portion of the ejected material coalesced, gradually drifting out to its current orbit. But several ancient records imply that the Moon was not always present. In Job 25:5 the grandeur of the Lord who “makes peace in the heights” is praised and the time is mentioned “before (there was) a moon and it did not shine.” Also in Psalm 72:5 it is said: “Thou wast feared since (the time of) the sun and before (the time of) the moon, a generation of generations.

Based on these references, I maintain that the Moon was captured into its present orbit during the Younger Dryas (YD), which is dated typically from 12,700 and 11,500 years Before the Present (BP). Although the onset and conclusion of the YD involved major changes on the Earth, there is evidence of a number of intermediary encounters during the YD, each of which may have contributed to the reduction of the Moons orbit.

The ‘capture theory’ has been discounted by modern astrophysicists, using the argument that there is no mechanism by which the high velocity of the passing Moon could be reduced sufficiently for it to be captured. However, my scenario of catastrophism drawn from ancient myths of many cultures and the Bible, make very clear just such a mechanism. Every one of more than one hundred close planetary encounters that occurred during the Bronze and Iron ages involved reorientations of the spin axis of the mantle of the Earth by thirty degrees or more. These provide an explanation for the earlier capture of the Moon.

A massive body approaching the Earth tidally ‘locks on’ to a large mass anomaly on the mantle, such as the uplifted ‘Tibetan-Himalayan’ complex. Because the mantle ‘floats’ on a several-thousand-kilometer depth of the liquid outer core, its motion is completely isolated from the solid iron core from which the magnetic field of the Earth originates. This is clear from modern deep seismic measurements that show the solid core and mantle are currently revolving at different rates about unique axes.

As the fast moving Moon swept by the Earth it tidally locked onto the Tibetan-Himalayan complex and impulsively torqued the mantle of the Earth so that it began rotating about a completely different axis. The energy expended in shifting the spin axis of the mantle acted as an energy ‘sink’ reducing the Moon’s velocity and enabling its capture. Consistent with this picture, the onset of the YD occurred so rapidly (<10 years) that the Greenland Ice Cores (GRIP) could not resolve it. The onset was characterized by a sudden drop in temperature of 10C, based on trapped atmospheric oxygen isotope ratios, the proxy for temperature.

This rapid shifting of the mantle caused the oceans to flow from their basins across entire continents. Deposits of many millions of dead animals around the world have been dated to this period. A number of species became extinct at that date and great deposits of  bodies have been found lying broken and twisted with those of extant animals. These deposits were immediately covered and soft tissue preserved in a way that can only be explained by the immediate deposition of ocean-floor sediments. Paleontologists wonder at the way in which many bodies, even those of giant mammoths, were torn apart. This was the result of the ocean’s sweeping across the land, described in one ancient account as carrying millions of massive tumbling boulders before them – like the teeth of some giant monster. Moreover, animals normally found only in temperate climates were found quick frozen, indicating that the mantle shift had suddenly cast them above the (new) arctic circle.

Atmospheric methane rapidly increased immediately after the YD onset due to its release from gas hydrates formerly retained within ocean beds. Fluctuations in the electrical conductivity of GISP2 ice on the scale of <5-20 years have revealed rapid changes in the dust content of the atmosphere during the YD. This ‘flickering’ may have been due to volcanic eruptions triggered by additional perigee passes of the Moon which occurred during the YD, each of which probably contributed to the reduction of its orbit. The termination of the YD, characterized by a sudden increase in temperature, is called the YD/Holocene transition, marking the beginning of the geologic period in which we live. This was the second major shift of the mantle spin axis. The very stable temperatures we have experienced since that transition are an unmistakable indication of the stabilizing effect of the Moon in its current orbit. In contrast, the ice ages, which characterized the period prior to the YD onset, exemplified the instability of the Earth’s spin axis prior to the acquisition of the Moon. The slower increase in atmospheric methane which occurred after the YD/Holocene transition, was at least partially due to the establishment of much more abundant life in the new, warmer climate. A lesser release from the ocean beds at that date might be expected due to a lack of recovery time for the gas hydrates after being completely depleted at the onset of the YD.

The capture of the Moon was not a random event. It was an essential part of Yehovah’s great plan for the rejuvenation of the Earth and the establishing of mankind. It was only by virtue of the presence of the Moon in its current orbit, where it subtends exactly the same angle as the Sun, that their combined tidal effect caused the great internal convulsions within priori-Mars enabling its entire atmosphere, oceans and the seeds of innumerable flora to be carried across the 33,000 km to the Earth during the Vedic Period. It is truly amazing that these monumental events have escaped the ken of the modern mind. But this is just another example of Yehovah’s great power – Gen 3:7 “ … [He that] shutteth and no man openeth; … ” It is only as we approach the ‘end times’ that His great effort on behalf of mankind is finally being revealed.

This has been a bitter cold winter so far in the US but the news of last few days tells of the sub-zero cold in Britian also, and I suspect the same is true in continental Europe as well.  I’m sure the global warming lobby considers this just a hickkup in their doomsday prophecy.  But it is interesting that this coincides with an unusually quiet Sun, as shown above.   There is a historical precedent for this connection between a quiet Sun and cold weather.  There was a dearth of sunspots between 1645 and 1715, informally designated the Maunder Minimum, which just happened to coincide with what is known as the Little Ice Age, during which many people died.

During the Maunder Minimum, some winters were so cold that the English Channel froze solid and one could ride a sleigh across.  For a safe sleigh ride, the ice has to be at least four inches thick.  A sustained period of sub-zero temperatures without a thaw was required to freeze ocean water in that manner.  The recent reports from Britian say that sea water near the coast has already frozen.

Whether or not the reader accepts or understands my explanation of the cause of sunspots (below), the important point is that the temperature of the Earth is controlled by forces much greater than environmentalists imagine. It is  wise to build more efficient cars and reduce pollution of the atmosphere but understand that nature will do what it will and mankind is at its mercy.

Scientists today realize that the Coronal Mass Ejections are caused by sunspots.  They do not understand the cause of sunspots, but this does not matter because in either case we are powerless in controlling them.  Sunspots are caused by the decay of highly eccentric orbits of millions of asteroids, which originated from Jupiter’s Great Red Spot in the last 6,000 years.  One obvious clue is that the sunspot period is roughly equal to the period of Jupiter.  These asteroids eventually strike the surface of the Sun, causing sunspots.  The hot charged particles splashed from the surface of the Sun comprise Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), which often strike the Earth’s atmosphere and heat it.  A one year lack of sunspots is of little concern – just a warning of our vulnerability, but a period of over a hundred years, as in the Maunder Minimum, could cause great distress,  In which case we might even have to consider ways of increasing green-house gases.

One cannot help imagining that, along with the financial crisis and the plague of religious fundamentalism, another little ice age could be signaling the onset of the ‘great tribulation.’

In the last fifteen years, I have been led on a great intellectual adventure. Inspired by Immanuel Velikovsky’s Worlds in Collision, I began a search of ancient myth for the truth about how recent planetary encounters affected the Earth and mankind. This quest led to the revealing of a sequence of close encounters of Venus, Mars and Mercury with the Earth from about 3700 to 700 BC.  The physics of these encounters, in turn, have led to a completely new perspective on the origins and makeup of all the planets in our solar system.  The intricate detail – how the events were triggered, the number of encounters (100), the separations and final disposal of the planets to safe distances from the Earth and, most importantly, the realization that these encounters resulted in the rejuvenation of the Earth at the expense of the now-barren Mars, has made clear to me the very real intrusions of Yehovah into the world, which are alluded to in the Bible.

Whether by design or not, the failure to understand or accept the 3000 years of cosmic chaos has led modern scientists to completely erroneous concepts of the origin and makeup of the entire solar system. This situation was exquisitely prophesied some 2000 years ago: 1 Cor 1:19-20 KJV) For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent. Where is the wise?  where is the scribe?  where is the disputer of this world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?
(1 Cor 2:6-7 NIV) We do, however, speak a message of wisdom among the mature, but not the wisdom of this age or the rules of this age, who are coming to nought. No, we speak of God’s secret wisdom that has been hidden and that God destined for our glory before time began.

To my well-meaning friends, who implore me to exclude any mention of God, in order to ‘be accepted’ in academic circles. Why should I want to be accepted by the scientific community?  They are in error in every respect and my faith has revealed the real truth. There will be no compromise.

The Vedic Period
Roughly 6000 years ago a period of cosmic chaos was triggered by the impact of a giant asteroid or rogue planet on Jupiter. A blazing plasma cloud thousands of times larger than Jupiter itself rebounded and condensed into a new planet, proto-Venus. This flaming proto-planet carried much of the excess energy of the impact into the inner solar system, initiating an ‘organized’ chaos which lasted throughout the Bronze and Iron ages. This single impact and its aftermath explain the origin of all the terrestrial planets in a completely new way, but the most significant fact vis-a-vis dark matter are its implications for the makeup of the giant planets.

Giant Planets
Because of their low average densities, astrophysicists, beginning with Rupert Wildt at Gottengen in 1930, have accepted the notion that Jupiter and Saturn are ‘gas giants,’ comprising exotic states of hydrogen. But the rebound of proto-Venus from the impact on Jupiter witnessed by the earliest generations of mankind, implies that the largest planets in the solar systemare solid bodies comprising a form of matter which is not currently acknowledged. There is considerable observational evidence pointing to Jupiter’s solid nature, but the entire scientific ‘priesthood’ continues to ignore it without a single questioning voice. They explain-away the Great Red Spot as a ‘storm,’ in spite of the fact that it has remained at the same latitude for 350 years. They claim that Jupiter’s great energy excess is ‘primordial’ and no scientist has yet been able to explain the multiple zonal wind bands, the existence of which demand a solid surface below the clouds. Moreover, the Galileo atmospheric probe failed to find the three highly touted cloud layers in its upper atmosphere. Obvious clues to the solid makeup of both Jupiter and Saturn are in ‘plain sight’ of our telescopes andsdeep-space probes. That is, all of their satellites and rings, with the exception of Io, are believed to comprise primarily water-ice, including three of the enormous Galilean ‘moons,’ which are comparable in size to Mercury and the Moon. Where do they think all that water came from? It is so obvious that these all formed as a result of impacts on the primaries (Jupiter and Saturn), which ‘splashed’ their water into orbits around them.  In fact, the enormous Galilean moons were formed by material ejected from Jupiter in the last 6000 years!

Gas Hydrates
The low densities of Jupiter and Saturn do indeed imply the presence of vast amounts of hydrogen, but there is another, solid form in which it is combined with oxygen (water), carbon (methane), and nitrogen (ammonia), the three next most abundant elements in the universe after hydrogen and helium. It is not difficult to determine this material. The continual great abundance of methane on all the giant planets provides an important clue. The obvious candidates are methane gas hydrates, a solid form of water and methane also found beneath the oceans of the Earth, which has been the object of considerable research in recent decades, because of its potential as a future energy source. They are defined as follows:

Natural gas hydrates are solids that form from a combination of water and one or more hydrocarbon or non-hydrocarbon gases. In physical appearance, gas hydrates resemble packed snow or ice.  In a gas hydrate, the gas molecules are “caged” within a crystal structure composed of water molecules. Sometimes gas hydrates are called “gas clathrates”.  Clathrates are substances in which molecules of one compound are completely “caged” within the crystal structure of another.  Therefore, gas hydrates are one type of clathrate.  Per unit volume, gas hydrates contain a tremendous amount of gas. For example, 1 cubic meter of hydrate disassociates at atmospheric temperature and pressure to form 164 cubic meter of natural gas + 0.8 cubic meters of water (Kvenvolden, 1993). [webmineral.com gives the empiracle formula 8(CH4) 46(H2O)].

The natural gas component of gas hydrates is typically dominated by methane, but other natural gas components (e.g., ethane, propane, CO2) can also be incorporated into a hydrate.

Gas hydrates require high pressure and low temperatures, exactly the conditions within the giant planets. The ‘foreign’ molecules, primarily methane, are essential for their formation, in that they support the crystal structure of the water molecules. In addition, evidence suggests that this property allowed the giant planet Jupiter to encapsulate most of the heavy elements in the nascent solar system in its interior as it accreted. The presence of heavy elements is implied by the earliest human observations of proto-Venus condensing from the enormous plasma cloud which rebounded from the impact on Jupiter, 6000 years ago. Recently, a wide range of heavy element spectra were observed in high intensity ‘main events’ which occurred some six minutes after each of the most massive fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted Jupiter’s solid surface. The six minute delays were due to the time required for the towering mushroom clouds to rise above the cloud-tops and become visible.

If Jupiter were pure gas hydrate (assuming no compression), its density would only be 0.80 g/cm3, but the incorporation of most of the heavy elements, plus a small degree of compression in the deep interior, has resulted in its measured average density, 1.33 g/cm^3. In contrast, the average density of Saturn is only 0.6873 g/cm^3, implying that it comprises almost pure methane clathrate with a thick atmosphere inflating its apparent volume. The logical conclusion is that the heavy elements in the nascent solar disk were only blown out to the radius of Jupiter, where, in the form of dust particles, their surfaces acted as catalysts on which primordial atomic hydrogen, H, became molecular hydrogen H2 , and subsequently water ice and methane. Thus each dust grain became the nucleus of ice crystals, many of which adhered to form ‘snowflakes’ and the very familiar tendency of snowflakes to stick to one another made it possible for accretion of the giant planets to begin at the smallest scale – something that the dust particles alone could never do.  Thus there was a beautiful symbiotic relationship between the dust particles and hydrogen, oxygen and carbon that made possible the accretion of the giant planets and the incorporation of all the  heavy elements within Jupiter. This was the only accretion in the solar system.  Scientists believe that Jupiter is almost pure hydrogen and, based on its overall temperature excess, estimate that the core temperature is as high as 25,000 K. In a convective atmosphere they expected to find, at least enough water to form a layer of water-ice clouds touted in all the textbooks, but the cloud layer was not found and the mass spectrometers found very little water in the atmosphere.  The reason is that the water is all frozen in the gas hydrate body of the planet.

Terrestrial Planet Formation
The encapsulation of all the heavy elements within the gas hydrates made possible the later formation of the terrestrial planets by unique impacts on the giant planets, probably Jupiter (although because of its lesser iron content, the Moon might have been born out of Saturn). Based on the example of Venus’ recent birth, the obvious conclusion is that all terrestrial planets rebounded from similar impacts as very hot (>10,000 K) plasma clouds and temporarily lost the much more plentiful lighter elements, in the form of two multi-million-mile long, black comet-tails, as described in the Rig Veda.  These lighter elements, O, C, N, were destined to become the surface layers, oceans and atmosphere of the terrestrial planets. As the proto-planet cooled, it swept up and recaptured these lighter elements in its atmosphere and subsequently on its surface (Venus is still early in this stage). Because water dominates within Jupiter (~ 236 of its 318 Earth-masses are water, based on the formula for gas hydrates given above), the ejected water was sufficient to form vast oceans on the terrestrial planets and because considerable sodium and chlorine were also lost to space, the oceans were salty from the beginning.  This explains two additional mysteries which astrophysicists cannot currently explain – the origin of the vast amount of water in our oceans and why it is salty.

Water, Water Everywhere
The significant point relative to the question of dark matter is that the giant planets comprise primarily water, good old H2O, and therefore vastly more water is present in our solar system than is dreamed of by modern day astrophysicists,  and in every secondary planetary nebula. I estimate the total oxygen in the four giant planets to be approximately 290 Earth masses! This should not be surprising, since oxygen and hydrogen are two of the three most abundant atomic species in the universe.  However, astrophysicists today believe that the only oxygen in the outer solar system is that present as water ice within Uranus, Neptune, the satellites and rings orbiting the giant planets, and the imagined Kuiper Belt objects – perhaps 20 Earth-masses. This enormous difference, 290 versus 20 Earth masses of water, has profound implications.

Two relatively recent discoveries by space telescopes provide additional clues to the watery nature of the universe:
1. In Jan 2007 UC Berkeley astronomers announced that the 12 million year-old red dwarf AU Microscopii is surrounded by a disk with the texture of ‘fluffy snow,’ determined by studying the polarization of the reflected (visible) light. The adjective did not necessarily mean that they thought it was water, only ‘dust.’ I maintain that this was water in its pre-accretion state (snowflakes), as described above, which exhibited no gaseous spectra because of the low vapor pressure of water ice at typical space temperatures.
2. Evidence of water vapor swirling around a nearby star has been seen by the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS), a small radio observatory launched by NASA in 1998. Its sensors have focused on a giant star, designated IRC+10216 (CW Leonis) located 500 light-years from Earth in the direction of the constellation Leo. This is a red giant which is expanding in its death-throes, consuming the planets which once orbited it. The report states:
“’What makes the results we are reporting so unusual is that we have found a cloud of water vapour around a star where we would not ordinarily have expected to find water,’ said Gary Melnick of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ‘It seems that the water vapour comes from icy comets that are melting due to the heat from the star, which is much hotter than our Sun … There must be about four Earth-masses of frozen water around IRC+10216 to produce the vapour cloud we see. [My emphasis]

In order to justify this explanation they estimate that the comets circling CW Leonis have a total mass broadly similar to the original mass of our Solar System’s Kuiper Belt, imagined to be as many as 70,000 icy bodies, however, only 1,000 known icy bodies have been discovered to date, circling our Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. The emphasized quote reflects modern astrophysicists view of our solar system, i.e. that water is only present in the form of comets, satellites of the giant planets and the icy bodies imagined to exist in the Kuiper Belt. Given that world-view, the large amount of water in CW Leonis is difficult to explain. I maintain that what is happening in CW Leonis is that its expanding red giant star is vaporizing its giant planets, thereby revealing a portion of their enormous water content. This rare event is making visible a vast quantity of water because the heat of the star is converting it to a gaseous form for a brief period, allowing it to be identified by infra-red spectrometers. But most water in space is in the form of invisible ice ‘conglomerates,’ because as soon as the water vapor temperature drops below freezing, molecules combine to form ice particles, the vapor pressure of which is infinitesimal. This means that ice particles do not sublime to release gaseous water vapor, thereby rendering it invisible to spectrometers. In addition, the evidence suggests that these particles combine to form loosely bound conglomerates (comets?) in the weightlessness of space. If clouds of ice particles are optically thick, as in the case of AU Microscopii, they can be imaged by reflected light but the molecules cannot be identified. Astronomers refer to these as dust clouds, but have no idea that they consist mostly of water.  Thus vast clouds of water exist in deep space and remain invisible to our observations.

The Sun
The lack of understanding of the mass of water in our own solar system is carried over to the rest of the universe.    If the giant planets are primarily methane gas hydrates, the mass of water in the solar system planets is close to 325 Earth-masses, as opposed to the current ‘establishment’ estimate of 22 Earth-masses! During the lifetime of the universe, innumerable planetary systems have formed and died. Although early planetary systems probably did not have as much oxygen available at their formation as our own, more and more oxygen has been produced in each star. By the time our Sun formed, a vast abundance of oxygen was present and became incorporated into it. This is evidenced by the vast amount of oxygen in the gas-hydrates of the outer planets, since the solar disk formed in the earliest stages of the Sun. Moreover, assuming the Sun has been producing additional oxygen for 4.5 billion years, it contains vastly more oxygen than imagined by astrophysicists.

It is absolutely amazing how little astronomers know about the Sun, particularly the elemental abundance of oxygen. As recently as 2004 the latest study acknowledged an ‘oxygen crisis,’ meaning that spectroscopic studies cannot measure enough oxygen to be theoretically compatible with heliosiesmology studies. One of the major impediments to the spectrographic study of the Sun lies in another aspect of ‘biblical’ catastrophism.

Tens of thousands of convulsions of priori-Mars, while orbiting only 33,000 km from the Earth, blasted innumerable rocks into space during the Bronze and Iron Ages. A number are 20 km-long ‘potato-shaped’ bodies, now called NEAs and short period comets. The mass of rocks ejected is easily estimated when one considers that the northern third of Mars today is seven kilometers lower than the rest of the planet. Innumerable smaller surface rocks were also ejected. These comprise the most common type of meteorite, called carbonaceous chondrites. ‘Carbonaceous’ derives from the presence of numerous organic compounds, implying they were surface rocks. The ‘chondrules’ are tiny spheres, 0.5 to 2 millimeters in size, composed of olivine and pyroxene, with smaller amounts of glass and iron-nickel metal. These same rocks are spread throughout the inner solar system, comprising the regolith on the near side of the Moon and covering the entire surface of Mercury. But infinitely more have fallen and are still falling toward the Sun. They vaporize in the solar corona, causing (currently unexplained) temperatures of millions of degrees, but their elements remain in the solar atmosphere. Unfortunately, astronomers assume that their absorption spectra represent the elemental abundance within the Sun. To compound their error, they claim that the fact that the spectra of the carbonaceous chondrite meteorites obtained in the laboratory match the absorption spectra of the Sun’s atmosphere, implies that these meteorites are primordial, i.e. that they are the most ancient material out of which the terrestrial planets accreted. There are several problems with their hypothesis.

First – solid rocks, or grains with densities of 2.0 g/cm3 cannot form in the weightlessness of space – they can only form on a planet with a strong gravitational field;  Second – the near-spherical shapes of the tiny chondrules indicate that they were once molten droplets at temperatures >2000 K floating freely in the air. There is no way that such temperatures could be attained just floating in space. These chondrules were the result of continuous volcanic reactions on priori-Mars throughout the Vedic period which sprayed molten rock from the interior in many lava fountains.

Since carbonaceous chondrites are believed to be primordial, astrophysicists assume that their oldest ages give the age of the Sun.  However, since the terrestrial planets are formed by inique impacts on Jupiter, the earliest being priori-Mars (4.5 billion years), the Sun may be much older than currently believed.

The vast amount of oxygen produced in stars during the fifteen billion years since the big bang and blasted into intergalactic space as each one dies, quicky combines with ever-present hydrogen to form water. The elemental abundances within the stars favor the formation of water over all other molecules when they die and this becomes incorporated into subsequent generations of stars. Much of this water would be expected to be floating around within galaxies where the stars lived and died, consistent with the concentrations of dark matter in the vicinity of galaxies. As a result, I suggest that the ‘dark matter,’ the ‘invisible’ mass infusing each galaxy is primarily water-ice crystals, or more probably loosely bound conglomerations of ice crystals, which form in the frozen weightlessness of interstellar space.

WIMPS Spotted!
Dark matter was originally imagined to comprise exotic new types of particles, called ‘WIMPS’ (weakly interacting massive particles), that were possibly large but undetectable – maybe even floating under our noses. It is with great humility that I can announce to the world that WIMPS have been observed, not in distant galaxies but right in the vicinity of the Earth. The discoverer, who would rather not be identified in the present context, is Louis Frank, a scientist at the University of Iowa. In ultraviolet images taken by the NASA Polar satellite he discovered a vast multitude of 20 to 40-ton, house-sized comets falling to Earth at a rate of 25,000 per day. Because modern astrophysics has no explanation for this great mass of water right ‘under our noses,’ Prof. Frank has been vilified and ostracized by the scientific community – a tendency with which I am quite familiar. When this controversy became public, I emailed Prof. Frank, in order to explain the source of the water, but because of his great desire to be accepted by the scientific ‘community,’ the last thing he wanted was to associate himself with my extremely radicle catastrophism. At that date I had not yet considered any connection between the water in the solar system and dark matter. I explained that this water, which pervades the inner solar system, is left over from the creation of proto-Venus , only 6000 years ago.  However, due to the considerations stated above, I now believe that Louis Frank’s small comets are local examples of the form of WIMPS, which pervade the galaxies, either within planetary nebulae or in interstellar space. The significant attributes of these WIMPS are that they are low density conglomerates of water which, in spite of their massive influx to the Earth, have remained invisible to all our instruments and telescopes up to 1997, indeed, the presence of which is still vehemently denied by most scientists. Based on the number actually observed in a limited space and time, Prof. Frank estimates that at their current rate these comets would raise the ocean levels one inch every 20,000 years, no doubt dealing the global warming lobby a serious blow. The excess water in interstellar space is in the same form, i.e. ordinary water and also completely invisible, reinforcing the fact that this is the mysterious ‘Dark Matter.’

(1 Cor 1:27-29 KJV) But God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the … mighty; And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are: That no flesh should glory in his  presence [so that no one may boast before him].

Based on the following article on the National Geographic website,

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/12/081204-jupiter-core-juno.html

planetary scientists continue to be concerned about the inadequacy of their current theories concerning the giant planets,  Jupiter and Saturn.
Unfortunately, their attempts to improve it are sadly inadequate.  They just can’t get beyond the outdated ‘gas giant’ concept.

I have refined my ideas concerning Jupiter and Saturn in the last few months based primarily on the difference in mean density of the two.  They both comprise methane gas hydrates, a solid material resembling packed ice which forms only at high pressures and low temperatures in the presence of large amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon (as methane), which on Earth  has a density of 0.8 g/cm^3.  This fits quite well with the relative abundances of the elements  in the solar system: H(1) 700,000, He(4) 275,000, O(16) 5920, C(12) 3032, (surprisingly) Fe(56) 1169,  N(14) 1105  (see below).  An enormous quantity of hydrogen was obviously lost early in the  nascent planetary nebula.

Gas hydrates comprise ‘cages’ of water molecules which encapsulate foreign moledules, primarily methane.  The abundances are consistent with the formation of methane gas hydrate.  But the ‘cages’ of  Jupiter’s gas hydrates also encapsulate most of the heavy elements in the solar system. Saturn’s mean density is only 0.6873  g/cm^3, less than pure gas hydrate, implying that its  body is almost pure methane gas hydrate, with a thick atmosphere which inflates its apparent volume.   The density of Jupiter is a ‘whopping’ 1.33 g/cm^3 – the difference representing the presence of the heavy elements present within it.  This and the ancient texts about the birth of Venus imply that all  terrestrial planets were born out of Jupiter.  The rings and large satellites of Saturn probably resulted  from impacts as did Jupiter’s.  Their composition, i.e. primarily water ice, is further evidence of the  lesser concentration of heavy elements on Saturn.  It has always amazed me that modern scientists don’t realize that the satellites of these bodies consist of material splashed from the primaries by impacts.  For example, one recently suggested that the rings of Saturn are the result of the collision of two comets in proximity to the planet.

When a large impact occurs on Jupiter sufficient heavy elements are blasted into space in a cloud of plasma to form the solid body of a terrestrial planet. It appears that the large fraction of iron plays a major role in this process, immediately forming a fluid gravitational core which holds many heavier elements, while its powerful radiation helps drive the lighter elements away into inter planetary space. Much  greater abundances of lighter elements are also incorporated initially in the plasma cloud but most  with < 20 amu are evaporated into the inner solar system, where they remain for milennia until they  are recaptured into the atmosphere and eventually to the surface of the proto-planet as it cools (and by extant terrestrial planets, like the Earth a la Louis Frank’s ‘comets’).  Thus the great abundance of  the lighter elements, particularly water, eventually provide the oceans on the new planet and the fact  the sodium and chlorine also  have densities less than 20 amu, explains why the oceans are salty from the get-go. The large abundance of nitrogen goes into the atmosphere to mediate the oxygen content.  Everything seems to fit a great sceme – I wonder who designed it?

‘Scientists’ today cannot even explain the origin of the oceans and why they are salty.  The notion that all of the water was delivered by trillions of comets is now all the more ridiculous based on findings that comets are essentially rocky bodies containing aquifers with a small amount of water. (These were ejected from priori-Mars within the last 6000 years and are not primordial.)  Open your minds and embrace the infinitely more complex and exciting solar system revealed in my books Firmament, Chaos and Peleh: Hidden Knowledge and on my website: www.firmament-chaos.com